ISCI 2001 Spring 2009 Test

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Test #2 Study Guide

In this space, we will be collaboratively creating the study guide for the upcoming test over Topics 3 and 4. Each student in the class is expected to post at least one question to the study guide.


Rocks and Minerals notes

  1. What are the three most abundant elements in the whole Earth?
  2. What are the three most abundant elements in the crust?
  3. Define the following terms:
    1. mineral
    2. rock
  4. What are the three types of rocks?
    1. Provide a brief definition for each type.
    2. Provide two examples for each type of rock.
  5. What are the two ways igneous rocks are formed? Distinguish between the two methods of formation.
  6. What is the difference between quick cooling rocks and slow cooling rocks?
  7. What is the most commonly found type of rock? Why is this so and how are these rocks formed?
  8. If you were sent on a mission to find fossils, which type of rock would you want to look in? Explain.
  9. Describe the four stages in the process of making a sedimentary rock.
  10. How is a metamorphic rock formed?

Plates notes

  1. Draw and label a convection cell. Think about the demo we did in class (you know, the one with the beaker full of boiling water and food dye.
  2. What are the three forms of energy transfer? Briefly describe each.
  3. Define the term density.
  4. What is the relationship between density and temperature?
  5. What are the three layers of the planet? Briefly describe each.
  6. What are the two types of crust? Describe them.
  7. Why does the crust "float" on the mantle? Clearly describe the forces at work that allow the crust to float.
  8. Describe the role density plays in layering the elements within the geological structure of our planet.
  9. What factors lead to a warm mantle?
  10. What are the names of the layers within the upper mantle? Briefly describe each layer.
  11. What is the core of the Earth made up of? do we know this for certain? why?
  12. Have scientists (or anyone for that matter!) journeyed to the center of Earth?
  13. Who hypothesized that the continents are actually in motion and is credited with being the "father" of modern plate tectonic theory?
  14. What were the lines of evidence that Wegener used to develop his hypothesis about continental drift?
  15. What were the two features of the bottom of the ocean that stood out as remarkable to the scientists who were studying the ocean bottom in the post-WWII era?
  16. What are magnetic stripes and how do they support the idea that the continents are in motion?
  17. Briefly describe the theory of plate tectonics.
  18. List and describe the three plate boundaries.
    1. Describe the typical geological events that occur at these boundaries.

Energy presentations

  1. What do you have to have to make energy?
  2. How do a turbine and generator work together to produce electrical power?
    1. Describe how all of the sources of energy transfer one source of energy into elecricity.
  3. Briefly describe how fossil fuels are formed.
  4. How old are fossil fuels?
  5. What are the pros of using fossil fuels, put another way, why are we so addicted to fossil fuels?
  6. What is the major drawback associated with using fossil fuels?
  7. How is nuclear power used to generate electricity?
  8. What are the pros and cons of nuclear power?
  9. What does the acronym NIMBY mean?
  10. What is a wind farm?
  11. Is solar energy a sustainable resource?
  12. How is electricity produced through the gravitational force of flowing water?
  13. Name three sources of green energy or power plants that do not produces CO2?
  14. What are the two most common types of biofuel?
  15. What are some negative effects of creating biofuel (in particular, ethanol)?
  16. Name three examples of biomass that can be converted into biofuel.
  17. Give two positive effects of biofuel.
  18. How do tides generate power? Briefly explain.
  19. Which energy sources are renewable and which are not? At the beginning of your answer state what the term renewable means.